Browsing by Author "Choi, Jihea"
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- ItemAggression in South Korean middle school students(2014-11-17) Choi, Jihea; Alpha Lambda
Purpose: Aggressiveness is a behavioral and emotional response made on purpose for the sake of destroying or damaging other persons or things (Kim & Kim, 2007). Currently South Korean society suffers from violent and inhuman juvenile crimes like collective bullying and school violence that are due to aggressiveness (Hwang, 2010). Juvenile violence due to aggressiveness in South Korean society is not just a current issue. Seven out of 10 cases of juvenile violence occurring between 2008 and 2010 were committed by middle school students, and 69% of school violence cases occurred in middle schools (Bae, Kim, Chung, Kang, & Park, 2010). Considering these data, more attention should be dedicated to studying aggressiveness in middle school students who are in early adolescence. Previous studies have attempted to clarify various factors that influence juvenile aggressiveness. Otherwise, concentrated re-investigation is necessary to reveal factors influencing Korean middle school students' aggression. In this study depression and academic stress as negative emotional aspects, and self-esteem, decision-making competency, happiness as positive emotional aspect of middle school students were investigated specifically. In conclusion, the purpose of this study was to assess levels of aggressiveness, and to determine factors affecting aggressiveness among South Korean middle school students.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using self-report questionnaires. The participants were 340 girls and boys from two middle schools and 302 questionnaires were used for the final data analysis. Aggressiveness was measured with the 'Aggression Questionnaire' developed by Buss & Perry (1992) and used in Shin's study (2000). It consists with 24 questions (5-point Likert scale) including physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Higher average scores correspond to higher levels of aggressiveness. Academic stress was measured with the 'Academic Stress Questionnaire' developed by Lee (2007), and it was developed to assess of middle school students' academic stress reflecting the educational environment of Korea. The measurement consisted with 25 items (5-point Likert scale) assessing perceived pressure from examinations, conflicts between family and friends related to academic performance and burden in relation to scores and class. Higher average scores correspond to higher levels of academic stress. Depression was measured with a 13-question checklist (5-point Likert scale) to evaluate depression, taken from the 'Symptom Checklist-90-Revision' revised by Kim, Kim, & Won (1984). Higher average scores indicate higher levels of depression. Scores above 70 percent of the measured score (above 3.5 out of 5.0) indicate that the person is depressed. Self-esteem was measured with the 'Self-esteem Scale' developed by Rogenberg (1965) and translated to Korean by Jeon (1974). It includes a 4-point Likert scale with a total of 10 questions to measure the levels of self-esteem and emotional aspects of self-approval. Higher average scores indicate higher levels of self-esteem. Decision-making competency was measured with the 'Decision-Making-Competency Inventory' developed by Miller and Byrnes (2001) and translated to Korean by Park et al. (2012). It includes a 5-point Likert scale with a total 18 questions to measure informed decisions, self-appraisal, autonomy, self-confidence. Higher average scores correspond with better decision-making abilities. Happiness was measured by the question 'do you think you are living happily now?' with a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicated higher levels of happiness. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions.
Results: Mean score for participants' aggressiveness was 2.49 out of 5. Academic stress was 3.38 out of 5, for self-esteem, 2.86 out of 4, for decision-making competency, 3.2 out of 5, and for happiness, 3.82 out of 5. Depression was 2.56 out of 5 that it was lower than 3.5 indicating depression. Significant explanatory variables for aggressiveness were grade, second grader (t = 4.39, p < .001), academic stress (t = 2.78, p = .006), and depression (t = 5.03, p < .001). The explanatory power of these factors was 26.9%, and it was statistically significant (F = 16.06, p < .001).
Conclusion: Findings indicate that depression, academic stress, and grade (second graders) influence aggressiveness. To decrease aggressive behavior, it is necessary to provide systematic and political programs in schools and local communities that can ameliorate negative emotional factors like depression and academic stress, especially for second grade middle school students. Additionally, development of positive factors such as self-esteem, decision-making skills, and happiness in middle school students is important to reduce aggressiveness.
- ItemFactors associated with caffeine containing energy drink consumption in nursing students(2016-07-13) Choi, Jihea; Park, MiJeong; Alpha Lambda
Session presented on Saturday, July 23, 2016 and Sunday, July 24, 2016:
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with caffeine containing energy drink consumption which has been associated with existence of drinking experience and intention to re-consume in nursing students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the college of nursing of Y University (Wonju, Republic of Korea) on 187 nursing students from freshmen to senior grade. Characteristics associated with the consumption of caffeine containing energy drinks were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected from May to July in 2014, and included gender, school year, residence with family, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, perceived academic stress, depression (Beck's Depression Inventory), self-esteem (Rogenberg's Self-esteem Scale), and adjustment to college (Baker and Siryk's Student Adjustment to College Questionnaire). In addition, caffeine containing ever-energy drink users were asked several questions regarding the reasons why they intended to re-consume caffeine containing energy drinks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and by logistic regression. Statistical significance was accepted for p values < 0.05.
Results: Of the 187 participants, 137 nursing students (73.2%) had experience to caffeine containing energy drink consumption and 50 nursing students (26.7%) had no such experience. Statistically significant factors associated with experience of caffeine containing energy drink consumption were alcohol drinking (OR = 2.38, p = 0.032) and depression (OR = 4.49, p = 0.018). Furthermore, 74 nursing students (54.0%) among the 137 ever-energy drink users intended to re-consume caffeine containing energy drinks. Statistically significant factors associated with an intention to re-consume caffeine containing energy drinks were fatigue (OR = 2.61, p = 0.030), awaking from sleep (OR = 5.61, p = 0.001), and taste (OR = 7.11, p = 0.001).
Conclusion: The consumption of caffeine containing energy drinks is common among nursing students who are destined to become future health care professionals and health educators. Awareness of factors associated with caffeine containing energy drink consumption and the intention to re-consume caffeine containing energy drinks provides useful health education tips and hopefully discourages unhealthy behavior by school health providers.
- ItemOn the use of Count Model to predict falls in community-dwelling elderly: Using Klosa (Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing) data(2014-11-17) Hong, Sehoon; Choi, Jihea; Yoon, Heun Keung; Alpha Lambda
Purpose: Falls has been caused of increasing rates of morbidity or mortality in elderly population (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). In community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older, one in three in the US (Kannus et al., 2007) and 17.2% of South Korean (Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2009) suffers a fall each year. It's been led to spend of much of budgets from medical finance. And, the severity of complications of fall accidents has increased the length of stay of the old in hospital or care facility (Donaldson et al, 2005). Even though many of studies have been proposed the predictors or solutions for fall prevention, falls are still methodological issues in geriatric nursing field. This study suggests predicting the causes of increasing fall accidents in elderly by analyzing the national data with count model. The objectives of the study were: (1) to ascertain the risk factors for falls in community-dwelling elderly; (2) to determine whether risk factor profiles differ between first time fallers and recurrent fallers; and (3) to build decision tree map of fall down risks in elderly and to suggest effective interventions for first time fallers and recurrent fallers each.
Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted on information collected Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). KLoSA is a national panel data set that is publicly available. Data collected from 4,163 community-dwelling elderly in 2006 and 2008. Each subject was assessed by individual records of history and physical performance tests. Falls were recorded in frequency of fall for past 2 years. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test, and zero-inflated negative binominal regression. Count models were estimated using STATA version 10.0 and regression tree with R program.
Results: The incidence of falls among community-dwelling elderly in Korea was 6.5%. Significant predictors of being a non-faller or a faller were vision, place of residence, pain and depression (p < .05). And significant predictors of being a recurrent faller were place of residence, alcohol and fear of falls (p < .05). For diagnosis and predicting regression trees of recurrent fallers were as follows (characteristics of high risk group): fear of falls (always worried), height (<175.5cm), age (<78.5year), vision (very bad), Quality of life (lower), and then height (<159.5cm).
Conclusion: These results provide new points of view of nursing implication for fall prevention of elderly in Korea. First, this study provides additional methodological option to study for prevention of falls and decrease the numbers of recurrent falls in elderly. This paper summarizes information to help guide the health care providers in choosing the high risk group of falls and the most appropriate preventing intervention. Second, this secondary-analysis provides comprehensive evidence-based assessment of risk factors for falls and recurrent falls in older people, confirming their multifactor etiology. Thus, the findings of this study will be the basis for effective intervention program to prevent falls and repeat falls.